====== Photovoltaic modules ======


Two photovoltaic modules are installed at IEK-8 at Forschungszentrum Jülich to measure their radiation dependent energy yield by tracking the maximum power point in the recorded I-U-Curve. 

Module I: SolarWorld SW 235-poly, polycrystalline

Module II: Solarmodul First solar FS-380, thin-film


{{:wiki:instruments:solarpanel03.jpg?direct&600|PVM ©B. Pospichal}} \\
//Photovoltaic modules installed at JOYCE (front: Module I, back; Module II)//




===== Principle - Photovoltaic =====

Photovoltaic modules convert radiation into electrical energy based on the so called photovoltaic effect (described by [[http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuViewSB?url=http://content.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/mpiwg/online/permanent/einstein_exhibition/sources/HUN315QN/index.meta&mode=texttool|Einstein 1905]]). The photovoltaic effect is the stimulation of an electron to a higher energy state caused by absorption of light. Photovoltaic modules are based on semiconductors since their valence- and conduction band are completely separated, but the band gap is in the range of the energy of a photon. Thus, the photovoltaic effect causes electrons to migrate from the individual molecule structure to the conduction band. These electrons are so called free electrons. They are able to move randomly inside the crystal structure of the semiconductor. In order to produce electricity, which means to collect the excited electrons on the one side and "holes" on the other side, the semiconductors are p- and n-doped. In case of a silicon based module p-doping means to include atoms of the 3. main group and n-doping to include atoms of the 5. main group. In the region of contact, electrons of the n-doped layer move towards the p-doped layer and induce an electric field (depletion area). After a very short time this electric field reaches an equilibrium state since no more electrons can migrate to the p-doped layer. Now the free electrons are accelerated towards the positive depletion area due to this electric field. Thus, the negative charge is trapped in the conduction band in the n-doped layer and the positive charge is trapped in the p-doped layer. This induces an electric potential difference, which can be tapped from the solar module.

===== Principle - Yield measurements =====
The I-V curve (current voltage characteristic) of the modules is measured by a progressive increasing of the consumer resistance and simultaneous I-V measurements. The produced energy is released via a radiator.





===== Measurement modes =====

  * Measurements with 1 minute temporal resolution (voltages, maximum current, irradiance, modue temperature)









===== Data availability =====

Data are available on request, please fill the {{ :joyce_data_request_form.pdf |data request sheet}} and send it to [[mailto:info@joyce.cloud|info@joyce.cloud]]

 
^ Dataset     ^ Temporal resolution       ^ File size          ^ Filename   ^ Retrieval / Remarks   ^ 
| PVM data   | 1 minute    | 1 file per day (15-20 MB)     | //detailsYYYYMMDD.txt.gz//  | contains data from both modules   |





===== Link to current observations =====

Current observations at [[http://atmos.meteo.uni-koeln.de/~hatpro/dataBrowser/dataBrowser4.html?site=JOYCE&date=0&UpperLeft=PVM__Polycrystalline&UpperRight=PVM__Amorph&LowerRight=PVM__Irradiance&LowerLeft=PVM__CumulativeEnergy|quicklook archive]]



===== Measurement examples =====



{{wiki:examples:2020-08-17_polycrystalline.png?direct&400|Poly module}}
{{wiki:examples:2020-08-17_irradiance.png?direct&400|Irradiance}} \\
//Example time series of PVM observations (left: Quicklook for the polycristalline module, right: Irradiance and efficiency)//
===== PVM History =====
^  Period   ^  Installation angle  ^  Place  ^  Project  ^ Installed ^
| 5. October 2016 - 02.01.2017  | 30°, southward | Forschungszentrum Jülich | ET-CC | yes |
| 03.01.2017 - 10.06.2020           | |  | | not installed (roof renovations) |
| 10.06.2020 - today           | 30°, southward | Forschungszentrum Jülich |  | yes  |

===== Technical specifications =====

^ Parameter  ^ SolarWorld SW 235-poly  ^ First Solar - FS-380  ^
| STC power  | 235 Wp   | 80 Wp   |
| Current   | 7.85 A   | 1.65 A   |
| Voltage   | 30.2 V   | 48.5 V   |
| Short circuit current  | 8.35 A  | 1.88 A   |
| Open circuit voltage  | 37 V   | 60.8 V   |
| System voltage  | 1000 V  | 1000 V   |
| Dimensions   | 1675 mm x 1001 mm x 31 mm  | 1200 mm x 600 mm x 7 mm    |
| Weight  | 21.2 kg  | 12 kg   |