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--- nyrad35 [2026/06/01 07:57] – kerstin
+++ nyrad35 [2026/06/01 09:41] (current) – kerstin
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-====== NYRAD35 35 GHz cloud rada ======
+====== NYRAD35 35 GHz cloud radar ======
 //Mentor: [[https://geomet.uni-koeln.de/institut/beschaeftigte/mech|M. Mech]], Data: [[https://geomet.uni-koeln.de/institut/beschaeftigte/ebell|K. Ebell]] //
-{{:wiki:nya:joyrad94_nya.jpg?400|}}
+{{:wiki:nya:nyrad35.jpg?400|}}
 NYRAD35 ([[http://www.radiometer-physics.de/|RPG]]) on the roof of the AWIPEV atmospheric observatory.
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 ===== Principle =====
-NYRAD35 is a dual-polarization simultaneous transmission and simultaneous reception (STSR; also referred to as hybrid-mode, or STAR, simultaneous transmission and reception) radar, with elevation-scanning capabilities. The scanner can perform full 180° scans in elevation and is operated at a constant azimuth of approximately 27°, i.e., along the north-north-east to south-south-west direction. STSR radars receive at horizontal and vertical polarization but transmit a signal that is linearly polarized along the 45° direction between vertical and horizontal directions. This allows both for linear depolarization ratio (LDR) observations in zenith and typical dual-polarization variable observations at low elevations, such as differential reflectivity (ZDR) or specific differential phase (KDP). Matching Ka- and W-band observations in zenith allows for the calculation of the DWR, in order to obtain information on the characteristics size of the ice particle population.
+The NYRAD35 is a dual-polarization simultaneous transmission and simultaneous reception (STSR; also referred to as hybrid-mode, or STAR, simultaneous transmission and reception) radar, with elevation-scanning capabilities. The scanner can perform full 180° scans in elevation and is operated at a constant azimuth of approximately 27°, i.e., along the north-north-east to south-south-west direction. STSR radars receive at both horizontal and vertical polarization but transmit a linearly polarized signal at 45° (between the vertical and horizontal polarization planes). This allows both for linear depolarization ratio (LDR) observations in zenith and typical dual-polarization variable observations at low elevations, such as differential reflectivity (ZDR) or specific differential phase (KDP). Matching Ka- and W-band observations at zenith allows calculation of the DWR, providing information on the characteristic size of the ice particle population.
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 ===== Specifications =====
 ^ Parameter  ^ Specification  ^ Remark  ^
-| Frequency | 94 GHz ± 100 MHz  | corresponds to wavelength of 3.19 mm; adjustable by software between 92.3 and 95.7 GHz |
+| Frequency | 35 GHz | corresponds to wavelength of 8.6 mm; bandwidth up to ± 100 MHz |
-|IF Range | 350 kHz to 3 MHz |  |
+|IF Range | 0.3 to 3.7 MHz |  |
-| Transmitter Power | ~ 2 W | solid state amplifier  |
+| Transmitter Power | 15 W | solid state amplifier  |
-| Antenna gain | 50.8 dB |  |
+| Antenna gain | 48.0 dB |  |
-| Beam Width | 0.53° FWHM |  |
+| Beam Width | 0.8° FWHM |  |
-| Polarisation | V |  |
+| Polarisation | Dual-polarization (STSR) | receives V/H polarised radiation and emits at 45° (between vertical and horizontal directions) linearly polarized radiation (="simultaneous transmission simultaneous reception" (STSR)) |
-| System Noise Figure | 3 dB |  |
+| Dynamic Range | -43 dBZe to +30 dBZ | valid for 5 km distance, 30 m resolution, and 10 s sampling time  |
-| Dynamic Range | -54 dBZe to +20 DBZe at 1km height, -45 dBZe to +20 dBZe at 3 km height, -36 dBZe to +20 dBZe at 10 km height |  |
+| Ranging | 50 m to 12 km | maximum 18 km |
-| Ranging | 50 m to 18 km |  |
+| Calibration | Transmitter power monitoring, Receiver Dicke switch (for radar and passive channel), Hot/Cold absolute receiver calibration | Accuracy ±1 dB |
-| Calibration | Transmitter power monitoring, Receiver Dicke switch (for radar and DD channels), Hot/Cold absolute receiver calibration | Accuracy 0.4 dB |
+| A/D Sampling Rate | 11.45 MHz |  |
-| A/D Sampling Rate | 8.2 MHz |  |
+| Profile Sampling Rate | ≥1 s | adjustable |
-| Profile Sampling Rate | 0.2 s to 30 s |  |
+| Vertical Resolution | 4 m to 30 m | 4 m in a limited distance range |
-| Vertical Resolution | 1 m to 100 m | (user selectable) |
+| Doppler Resolution | ± 4 cm/s | or better |
-| Doppler Resolution | ± 1.5 cm/s |  |
+| Doppler Range | ± 10 m/s max. |  |
-| Doppler Range | ± 18 m/s max. |  |
+| Chirp Variations | 3 typical | 5 possible, re-programmable |
-| Chirp Variations | 4 typical | 10 possible, re-programmable |
+| Passive Channels | 31.4 GHz | for integral liquid water (LWP) detection (200 MHz BW) |
-| Passive Channels | 89 GHz | for integral liquid water (LWP) detection (2 GHz BW)
+| Passive Channel Noise Figure | 3.7 dB |  |
-| Data Products | Reflectivity, Doppler-velocity, Spectral Width, Higher Moments, Doppler Spectra, LWC profiles |  |
+| Data Products | Raw spectra, Spectral polarimetric parameters, Reflectivity, Mean Doppler velocity, Doppler width, Skewness, Kurtosis, Differential reflectivity, Differential phase shift, Correlation coefficient |  |
-| Data Formats | proprietary binary, netCDF (conformity with CF convention), ASCII (only moment profiles) |  |
+| Data Formats | proprietary binary, netCDF (conformity with CF convention) |  |
-| Rain / Snow Mitigation System | Super blower for rec. / transm. radome (2000 m³/h each) |Optional heater modules (2 kW to 4 kW) |
+| Rain/Snow/Dew Mitigation System | Strong dew blower (4000 m3/h ), radomes with hydrophobic coating | |
-| Weight | Radar main body: 100 kg, Table: 130 kg, Air conductors: 25 kg |  |
+| Weight | Radar main body: 160 kg, Table: 35 kg, Blower: 109 kg |  |
-| Power Consumption | 220 V AC, 50-60 Hz, Radar: 400 W, Blowers: 1000 W |  |
+| Maximum Power Consumption | Radar: max. 1100 W, Blower: 850 W, Scanner: 800 W, 230 V AC, 50-60 Hz |  |
+| Elevation Scanning | zenith mode, 30° low-elevation mode | azimuth direction fixed to 27° (along north-north-east to south-south-west direction); elevation angle adjustable; alternating continuous zenith/low-elevation measurements with 1°/sec elevation scan  in-between |
 | Manufacturer | [[http://www.radiometer-physics.de/|RPG]] |