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nyrad35 [2026/06/01 07:53] – created kerstinnyrad35 [2026/06/01 09:41] (current) kerstin
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-====== NYRAD35 35 GHz cloud rada ======+====== NYRAD35 35 GHz cloud radar ======
 //Mentor: [[https://geomet.uni-koeln.de/institut/beschaeftigte/mech|M. Mech]], Data: [[https://geomet.uni-koeln.de/institut/beschaeftigte/ebell|K. Ebell]] // //Mentor: [[https://geomet.uni-koeln.de/institut/beschaeftigte/mech|M. Mech]], Data: [[https://geomet.uni-koeln.de/institut/beschaeftigte/ebell|K. Ebell]] //
  
-{{:wiki:nya:joyrad94_nya.jpg?400|}} +{{:wiki:nya:nyrad35.jpg?400|}}
  
 NYRAD35 ([[http://www.radiometer-physics.de/|RPG]]) on the roof of the AWIPEV atmospheric observatory. NYRAD35 ([[http://www.radiometer-physics.de/|RPG]]) on the roof of the AWIPEV atmospheric observatory.
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 ===== Principle ===== ===== Principle =====
-NYRAD35 is a dual-polarization simultaneous transmission and simultaneous reception (STSR; also referred to as hybrid-mode, or STAR, simultaneous transmission and reception) radar, with elevation-scanning capabilities. The scanner can perform full 180° scans in elevation and is operated at a constant azimuth of approximately 27°, i.e., along the north-north-east to south-south-west direction. STSR radars receive at horizontal and vertical polarization but transmit a signal that is linearly polarized along the 45° direction between vertical and horizontal directions. This allows both for linear depolarization ratio (LDR) observations in zenith and typical dual-polarization variable observations at low elevations, such as differential reflectivity (ZDR) or specific differential phase (KDP). Matching Ka- and W-band observations in zenith allows for the calculation of the DWR, in order to obtain information on the characteristics size of the ice particle population.+The NYRAD35 is a dual-polarization simultaneous transmission and simultaneous reception (STSR; also referred to as hybrid-mode, or STAR, simultaneous transmission and reception) radar, with elevation-scanning capabilities. The scanner can perform full 180° scans in elevation and is operated at a constant azimuth of approximately 27°, i.e., along the north-north-east to south-south-west direction. STSR radars receive at both horizontal and vertical polarization but transmit a linearly polarized signal at 45° (between the vertical and horizontal polarization planes). This allows both for linear depolarization ratio (LDR) observations in zenith and typical dual-polarization variable observations at low elevations, such as differential reflectivity (ZDR) or specific differential phase (KDP). Matching Ka- and W-band observations at zenith allows calculation of the DWR, providing information on the characteristic size of the ice particle population.
  
  
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 ===== Deployment ===== ===== Deployment =====
 ^  Period  ^  Place  ^  Project  ^ ^  Period  ^  Place  ^  Project  ^
-|  02/03/2023 - today       | [[http://www.awipev.eu/|AWIPEV at Ny-Ålesund]], Norway | [[http://www.ac3-tr.de/|(AC)3]] | +|  23/01/2025 - today       | [[http://www.awipev.eu/|AWIPEV at Ny-Ålesund]], Norway | [[http://www.ac3-tr.de/|(AC)3]] | 
-|  14/06/2019 - 22/06/2022  | [[http://www.awipev.eu/|AWIPEV at Ny-Ålesund]], Norway | [[http://www.ac3-tr.de/|(AC)3]] | +|  01/10/2021 - 06/03/2024  | [[http://www.awipev.eu/|AWIPEV at Ny-Ålesund]], Norway | [[http://www.ac3-tr.de/|(AC)3]] |
-|  23/03/2018 - 06/03/2019  | [[http://atmos.meteo.uni-koeln.de/ag_crewell/doku.php?id=sites:iquique|Iquique]], Chile | [[http://sfb1211.uni-koeln.de/|CRC1211]] | +
-|  10/06/2016 - 26/07/2017  | [[http://www.awipev.eu/|AWIPEV at Ny-Ålesund]], Norway | [[http://www.ac3-tr.de/|(AC)3]] | +
-|  16/10/2015 - 23/03/2016  | [[http://www.fz-juelich.de/|Research Center Jülich]], Germany | JOYCE | +
  
 ===== Specifications ===== ===== Specifications =====
 ^ Parameter  ^ Specification  ^ Remark  ^ ^ Parameter  ^ Specification  ^ Remark  ^
-| Frequency | 94 GHz ± 100 MHz  | corresponds to wavelength of 3.19 mm; adjustable by software between 92.3 and 95.7 GHz +| Frequency | 35 GHz | corresponds to wavelength of 8.mm; bandwidth up to ± 100 MHz 
-|IF Range | 350 kHz to 3 MHz |  | +|IF Range | 0.3 to 3.7 MHz |  | 
-| Transmitter Power | ~ 2 W | solid state amplifier +| Transmitter Power | 15 W | solid state amplifier 
-| Antenna gain | 50.dB |  | +| Antenna gain | 48.dB |  | 
-| Beam Width | 0.53° FWHM |  | +| Beam Width | 0.8° FWHM |  | 
-| Polarisation |  | +| Polarisation | Dual-polarization (STSR) receives V/H polarised radiation and emits at 45° (between vertical and horizontal directions) linearly polarized radiation (="simultaneous transmission simultaneous reception" (STSR)) 
-| System Noise Figure | 3 dB |  +| Dynamic Range | -43 dBZe to +30 dBZ | valid for 5 km distance30 m resolution, and 10 s sampling time  | 
-| Dynamic Range | -54 dBZe to +20 DBZe at 1km height, -45 dBZe to +20 dBZe at 3 km height-36 dBZe to +20 dBZe at 10 km height |  | +| Ranging | 50 m to 12 km | maximum 18 km | 
-| Ranging | 50 m to 18 km |  +| Calibration | Transmitter power monitoring, Receiver Dicke switch (for radar and passive channel), Hot/Cold absolute receiver calibration | Accuracy ±1 dB | 
-| Calibration | Transmitter power monitoring, Receiver Dicke switch (for radar and DD channels), Hot/Cold absolute receiver calibration | Accuracy 0.4 dB | +| A/D Sampling Rate | 11.45 MHz |  | 
-| A/D Sampling Rate | 8.MHz |  | +| Profile Sampling Rate | ≥1 s | adjustable 
-| Profile Sampling Rate | 0.2 s to 30 s |  +| Vertical Resolution | m to 30 m | 4 m in a limited distance range 
-| Vertical Resolution | m to 100 m | (user selectable) +| Doppler Resolution | ± cm/s | or better 
-| Doppler Resolution | ± 1.5 cm/s |  +| Doppler Range | ± 10 m/s max. |  | 
-| Doppler Range | ± 18 m/s max. |  | +| Chirp Variations | typical | possible, re-programmable | 
-| Chirp Variations | typical | 10 possible, re-programmable | +| Passive Channels | 31.4 GHz | for integral liquid water (LWP) detection (200 MHz BW) 
-| Passive Channels | 89 GHz | for integral liquid water (LWP) detection (2 GHz BW) +| Passive Channel Noise Figure | 3.7 dB |  | 
-| Data Products | Reflectivity, Doppler-velocity, Spectral WidthHigher MomentsDoppler SpectraLWC profiles |  | +| Data Products | Raw spectra, Spectral polarimetric parameters, Reflectivity, Mean Doppler velocity, Doppler widthSkewnessKurtosis, Differential reflectivity, Differential phase shiftCorrelation coefficient |  | 
-| Data Formats | proprietary binary, netCDF (conformity with CF convention), ASCII (only moment profiles) |  | +| Data Formats | proprietary binary, netCDF (conformity with CF convention) |  | 
-| Rain / Snow Mitigation System | Super blower for rec. / transm. radome (2000 m³/h each) |Optional heater modules (2 kW to 4 kW) +| Rain/Snow/Dew Mitigation System | Strong dew blower (4000 m3/h ), radomes with hydrophobic coating | | 
-| Weight | Radar main body: 100 kg, Table: 130 kg, Air conductors25 kg |  | +| Weight | Radar main body: 160 kg, Table: 35 kg, Blower109 kg |  | 
-| Power Consumption | 220 V AC, 50-60 Hz, Radar: 400 W, Blowers: 1000 W |  |+Maximum Power Consumption | Radar: max. 1100 W, Blower: 850 W, Scanner: 800 W, 230 V AC, 50-60 Hz |  | 
 +| Elevation Scanning | zenith mode30° low-elevation mode azimuth direction fixed to 27° (along north-north-east to south-south-west direction); elevation angle adjustable; alternating continuous zenith/low-elevation measurements with 1°/sec elevation scan  in-between |
 | Manufacturer | [[http://www.radiometer-physics.de/|RPG]] |  | Manufacturer | [[http://www.radiometer-physics.de/|RPG]] | 
  
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
-Chellini, G., R. Gierens, K. Ebell, T. Kiszler, P. Krobot, A. Myagkov, V. Schemann, and S. Kneifel, 2023Low-level mixed-phase clouds at the high Arctic site of Ny-Ålesund: A comprehensive long-term dataset of remote sensing observations, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5427–5448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5427-2023+Chellini, G., R. Gierens, K. Ebell, T. Kiszler, P. Krobot, A. Myagkov, V. Schemann, and S. Kneifel, 2023Low-level mixed-phase clouds at the high Arctic site of Ny-Ålesund: A comprehensive long-term dataset of remote sensing observations, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5427–5448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5427-2023 
 + 
 +Chellini, G., R. Gierens, and S. Kneifel, 2022: Ice aggregation in low-level mixed-phase clouds at a high Arctic site: Enhanced by dendritic growth and absent close to the melting level. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, e2022JD036860. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036860
nyrad35.1780300388.txt.gz · Last modified: 2026/06/01 07:53 by kerstin